How is primary wind and solar energy measured? I assume it is measured as the electricity produced.

Energy costs as a share of GDP typically don't include capital costs. But aren't the future pathway costs mainly capital?

Agreed!

had a similar questions ^

I assume the chart doesn't factor in (avoided) damage costs also, right?

Education from linear supply chains to circular economies key to adaptation imho.

OK - he just answered that.

Don't ignore the public health effects of uranium mining and enriching that nuclear requires.

Ok. He's addressing my question here.

Mr. Heaps. That is a very good point.

Great infographic!

I was surprised by the small portion of offshore wind used in the models. I wanted to ask what you think about the potential combination of offshore wind and industrial-scale floating electroyzing stations — to create green hydrogen and transport it at industrial scale via tankers from areas rich in wind potential (such as Alaska and New England) to consuming areas where there is less renewable energy potential?

con you show to link to the report again?

are micro-grid solutions considered in the overall grid scale up solutions? if so what role are they expected to play?

I have a jobs question - in Montana, for example, the report suggests a 5-fold growth in energy jobs in our state, and a 4-fold increase in energy wages. Does that mean that the average energy job would pay less than it does today?

Excellent presentation - great work! What were your assumptions about the future CO2 removal by land and oceans? They now remove annually 55% of our emissions. What might be done to increase those natural removals and reduce land emissions?

https://environmenthalfcentury.princeton.edu

A Jobs point: the Maine jobs are likely to go to out of state workers who specialize in building off-shore wind, right? Those workers would then migrate to NJ or Oregon to build offshore there?

Only matters in terms of what state politicians care about: in-state jobs or economic activity...

Great! Thank you for answering my question - very helpful.

How are they planning to use the findings of the study to influence federal and state policy decisions? Do they have specific federal policies they are focusing on? Do they have specific state policies and states they are looking to target?

why is PO so sparse in the Southwest (great solar insolation), and the associated jobs with that are flat in places like Az?

PV not PO.

Federal siting reform may ultimately end up in the Supreme Court as there are years of litigation on this topic- my favorite quote is whether "Ferc authority reaches to the toaster!".

Will the upcoming technologies in the clean energy sector require higher training/educational infrastructures within the vocational schools or college/university systems?

Thanks for a great analysis and presentation Jesse. How is energy storage factored into the scenarios modeled?

How does one balance the need to keep all pathways open (i.e. low electrification or low renewables) with the potential risk of "overbuilding" natural gas assets like wells and pipelines? It seems like a delicate balancing act.

How does the study envision electricity market mechanisms evolving as potentially the "locational marginal pricing" system falls away or becomes unworkable with higher renewable penetration levels (since renewables generally have $0 variable costs)?

When you read other 2050 pathway reports (the catalogue is growing exponentially at all levels) how do you compare and compartmentalize? Which figures and assumptions do you look for first? Everyone seems to use different metrics, units, and language. We are trying to write a primer for attendees of the Tufts Energy Conference (virtual, March 11-13) to understand the larger landscape of 2050 reports.

Accelerating Decarbonization of the US Energy System: https://www.nap.edu/resource/25932/interactive/

Thank you for a fantastic talk and stimulating discussion!!

Thanks! This was all very thorough and interesting!

Based on Jesse's comments on linking technology and investment, the federal government needs to create an

tec2021.pathable.com

my email went off too quick - the government needs a new interconnected agency- i hope the feds can do this

thank you, great presentation!

That link didn’t work?

tec2021.pathable.co

sorry!